The first ever livebirth via a transplanted
uterus from a deceased donor occurred last December. The transplantation occurred in
September 2016 in Brazil. Uterine transplants have occurred from living donor
to recipient, and in 2013 the first ever live birth from a uterus transplant occurred.
Women who want to receive a uterus transplant from a living donor can only do
so from a relative who is willing to donate, but with the success of using a
deceased donor, more infertile women may be eligible for uterine transplant. With
the successful transplantation, impregnation, and birthing from a deceased
donor uterus, new ethical arguments are soon to be formulated. The physician-researchers
who performed the procedure noted the research associated with deceased donor uterine
transplants is still minimal, so more studies still need to be conducted to
fully understand the risks associated with this procedure. However, they are
confident that in the future the procedure will be more widely used because it removes
risk to a living patient when removing the organ (because the donor is
deceased) and will make a donor uterus more accessible to women.
I personally do not see any problem
with the donation of a uterus from a deceased donor. If the individual has
consented to be an organ donor prior to dying, then donation of her uterus would
be equivalent to donation of her kidneys, heart, etc. From a beneficence
standpoint, this procedure can allow women who are unable to conceive a child
due to complications of their uterus to have the ability to possibly do so.
This procedure does no harm to the donor, since they are currently deceased,
and can potentially help another individual achieve pregnancy. The only initial drawback I see with this procedure, right now, is cost of the
procedure. Currently, in the U.S. a uterus transplant is estimated to cost between
$150,000 and $500,000 and is not covered by insurance. Hopefully, as the
procedure becomes researched more, the cost will be decreased, and maybe even
covered by insurance. There is a lot of potential with uterine transplants so
they should be researched more.
References:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/12/181204183703.htm
You bring up an excellent point about a uterus donation being essentially the equivalent of a kidney or heart donation from an organ donor, and I completely agree that uterine transplants can provide a lot of beneficence to patients and their loved ones. I would say one other major ethical concern to be addressed is the autonomy of the individuals undergoing the procedure, as you pointed out that the research regarding uterine transplants is still minimal and the risks are not entirely understood. As long as patients are made fully aware of this, if they still consent then I see no reason that they should not be able to pursue a uterine transplant as an option.
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